HSK 6 Chinese grammar
3.045 grammar rules of the new HSK standard at this level, with structures, examples and an interactive exercise for every rule.
Conditional Statements
"Even If" Statements
Adverbs
再三 — over and over again
再三 (zàisān) + Verb Phrase我再三提醒他，他还是忘了。Wǒ zàisān tíxǐng tā, tā háishì wàng le.I reminded him over and over again, but he still forgot.好不容易 — difficulty, “finally”
好不容易 (hǎo bù róngyì) / 好容易 (hǎo róngyì) + 才 (cái) + Verb Phrase我好不容易才找到你家。Wǒ hǎo bù róngyì cái zhǎodào nǐ jiā.I had a lot of difficulty finding your house.一再 — again and again
一再 (yízài) + Verb Phrase他一再道歉。Tā yīzài dàoqiàn.He apologized again and again.凡是 — all, every
凡是 (fánshì) + Noun Phrase, 都 (dōu) + Verb凡是报名的人都要参加考试。Fánshì bàomíng de rén dōu yào cānjiā kǎoshì.All those who signed up must take the exam.干脆 — just do it
干脆 (gāncuì) + Verb Phrase我们干脆走路去吧。Wǒmen gāncuì zǒulù qù ba.Let’s just walk there.一向 — always been
Subj. + 一向 (yíxiàng) + Verb / Adj.他一向很准时。Tā yīxiàng hěn zhǔnshí.He has always been very punctual.一时 vs 一度 — temporary vs once
一时 (yìshí): temporary (moment) / 一度 (yídù): once (period in past)他一时冲动买了很多东西。 / 这个词一度很流行。Tā yìshí chōngdòng mǎi le hěn duō dōngxi. / Zhège cí yídù hěn liúxíng.He bought many things on impulse. / This word was once popular.一直 vs 一向 — always vs consistently
一直 (yìzhí): continuously (from past to present) / 一向 (yíxiàng): consistently (habit)我一直在等你。 / 他一向很节俭。Wǒ yìzhí zài děng nǐ. / Tā yíxiàng hěn jiéjiǎn.I have been waiting for you all along. / He has always been frugal.明明 — obviously, clearly
明明 (míngmíng) + Fact, [却 (què)/可是 (kěshì) + Contradiction / Rhetorical question]他明明知道，却不说。Tā míngmíng zhīdào, què bù shuō.He knows perfectly well, yet won’t say anything.不禁 — can't help doing
Subject + 不禁 (bùjīn)/赶忙 (gǎnmáng)/特地 (tèdì)/特意 (tèyì)/偷偷 (tōutōu) + Verb听到这个笑话，她不禁笑了起来。Tīngdào zhège xiàohua, tā bùjīn xiào le qǐlai.On hearing this joke, she couldn’t help laughing.未必 — not necessarily
Subject + 未必 (wèibì) + Verb/Adj.他未必知道这件事。Tā wèibì zhīdào zhè jiàn shì.He doesn't necessarily know about this.不时 vs 仍旧 — still and from time to time
不时 (bùshí) + Verb — "from time to time"; 仍旧 (réngjiù) / 依旧 (yījiù) + Verb/Adj. — "still, as before"他仍旧住在那儿，不时看看窗外。Tā réngjiù zhù zài nàr, bùshí kànkan chuāngwài.He still lives there and glances out the window from time to time.特 / 异常 / 较为 — degree and register
特 (tè) / 异常 (yìcháng) / 较为 (jiàowéi) + Adj./Stative Verb这项工作较为复杂。Zhè xiàng gōngzuò jiàowéi fùzá.This task is relatively complex.净 / 一同 / 大都 — only, together, mostly
Subject + 净 (jìng) + Verb / Subject + 一同 (yìtóng) + Verb / Subject + 大都 (dàdōu) + Predicate同学们一同出发了，他们大都很兴奋。Tóngxuémen yìtóng chūfā le, tāmen dàdōu hěn xīngfèn.The classmates set off together, and most of them are very excited."But" Statements
Particles
嘛 — marking a topic
Topic + 嘛 (ma), Comment这件事嘛，我觉得不难。Zhè jiàn shì ma, wǒ juéde bù nán.As for this matter, I think it’s not difficult.嘛 — self-evident statement
Statement + 嘛 (ma) — obviousness本来就是这样嘛。Běnlái jiùshì zhèyàng ma.That's just how it is.啦 — lively tone
Statement + 啦 (la)时间不早啦，我们回家吧。Shíjiān bù zǎo la, wǒmen huí jiā ba.It's getting late, let's go home.也好 — whether… or…
X + 也好 (yě hǎo)，Y + 也好 (yě hǎo) + conclusion去也好，不去也好，我都同意。Qù yě hǎo, bú qù yě hǎo, wǒ dōu tóngyì.Whether we go or not, I agree either way.所 — formal construction with 所
所 (suǒ) + Verb + 的 (de) + Noun; 为 (wéi) + Noun + 所 (suǒ) + Verb他是我所认识的最认真的人。Tā shì wǒ suǒ rènshi de zuì rènzhēn de rén.He is the most serious person I know.Prepositions
对于 vs 至于 — as for, regarding
对于 (duìyú) + Topic (focus) / 至于 (zhìyú) + Topic (transition)对于这个方案，我同意。 / 至于费用，以后再谈。Duìyú zhège fāng'àn, wǒ tóngyì. / Zhìyú fèiyòng, yǐhòu zài tán.Regarding this plan, I agree. / As for the expenses, we’ll discuss later.至于 — as for, regarding
至于 (zhìyú) + Topic, Main Clause至于价格，我们稍后再谈。Zhìyú jiàgé, wǒmen shāo hòu zài tán.As for the price, we’ll discuss it later.于 — formal time and place with 于
Subject + (将 (jiāng)) + 于 (yú) + Time/Place + Verb; Subject + Verb + 于 (yú) + Time/Place会议将于明天举行。Huìyì jiāng yú míngtiān jǔxíng.The meeting will be held tomorrow.Nouns
人家 vs 别人 — other people vs others
人家 (rénjiā): specific person(s)/I (soften) / 别人 (biérén): other people人家小王都来了。 / 别管别人。Rénjia Xiǎo Wáng dōu lái le. / Bié guǎn biérén.Xiao Wang is already here. / Don’t mind others.性 — noun suffix for characteristic
Noun / Adj. + 性 (xìng) → Abstract Noun这个产品的安全性很高。Zhège chǎnpǐn de ānquánxìng hěn gāo.This product has a high level of safety.Fixed Expressions
算了 vs 得了 — closing a discussion
算了 (suàn le): close the topic / 得了 (dé le): cut the other person off算了，我们回家吧。Suàn le, wǒmen huí jiā ba.Never mind — let’s go home.到 — up to, until
到 (dào) + Time/Limit + 为止 (wéizhǐ)我们学到第五课为止。Wǒmen xué dào dì wǔ kè wéizhǐ.We study up to Lesson 5.那倒是 — that's true
那 (nà) + 倒 (dào) + (也 (yě)) + 是 (shì)那倒是，不过我们还得想个办法。Nà dào shì, búguò wǒmen hái děi xiǎng ge bànfǎ.That’s true, but we still need to find a solution.这 那 — this and that
Verb + 这 (zhè) + Verb + 那 (nà)他总是问这问那。Tā zǒngshì wèn zhè wèn nà.He’s always asking about this and that.放着 — leaving something unused
放着 (fàngzhe) + X + 不 (bù) + Y他放着热水不喝，却喝冰水。Tā fàngzhe rèshuǐ bù hē, què hē bīngshuǐ.There’s hot water right there, yet he chooses to drink ice water.不 — not until you do, then…
不 (bù) + X + 不 (bù) + Result₁，一 (yī) + X + (就 (jiù)) + Result₂不看不知道，一看吓一跳。Bú kàn bù zhīdào, yí kàn xià yí tiào.You don’t know until you look — and then you get a shock.好你个 — expressive address, mock reproach
好 (hǎo) + 你 (nǐ) + 个 (ge) + X (person)好你个李明，又骗我！Hǎo nǐ ge Lǐ Míng, yòu piàn wǒ!Well, Li Ming, you tricked me again!到 — reaching someone personally
X (action/problem) + 到 (dào) + Y (person) + 头上来了 (tóu shang lái le)你怎么骗到我头上来了？Nǐ zěnme piàn dào wǒ tóu shang lái le?So now you’re trying to cheat even me?早不X，晚不X — why now?
早 (zǎo) + (也 (yě)) + 不 (bù) + X，晚 (wǎn) + (也 (yě)) + 不 (bù) + X早不来，晚不来，你怎么这时候来？Zǎo bù lái, wǎn bù lái, nǐ zěnme zhè shíhou lái?You could have come earlier or later — why show up right now?看你 — look how…
看 (kàn) / 瞧 (qiáo) + Person + Adj./Verb + 的 (de)看你高兴的，快坐下吧。Kàn nǐ gāoxìng de, kuài zuòxià ba.Look how happy you are — sit down quickly.看把 — look how…
(你 (nǐ)) + 看 (kàn) / 瞧 (qiáo) + 把 (bǎ) + Person + State + 得 (de) + Extent你看把妈妈累得都不想说话了。Nǐ kàn bǎ māma lèi de dōu bù xiǎng shuōhuà le.Look how tired Mom is — she doesn’t even want to talk.左 右 — scattered repetition
左 (zuǒ) + A + 右 (yòu) + B / 东 (dōng) + 一 (yī) + A，西 (xī) + 一 (yī) + A他说话东一句，西一句，大家听不明白。Tā shuōhuà dōng yí jù, xī yí jù, dàjiā tīng bu míngbai.He jumps from one thing to another, and nobody can follow what he’s saying.了 就 — what's done is done
X + 了 (le) + 就 (jiù) + X + 了 (le)，(有 (yǒu) / 没有 (méiyǒu) + Explanation)书丢了就丢了，有什么关系？Shū diū le jiù diū le, yǒu shénme guānxi?So the book’s lost — what does it matter?