HSK 2 Chinese grammar
3.063 grammar rules of the new HSK standard at this level, with structures, examples and an interactive exercise for every rule.
Sentence Patterns
是…的 — emphasizing details
是 (shì) … 的 (de)这是我昨天买的。Zhè shì wǒ zuótiān mǎi de.This is what I bought yesterday.从中 — from among
从 (cóng) + Plural / Group + 中 (zhōng) + Verb从中吸取教训。Cóng zhōng xīqǔ jiàoxùn.Draw a lesson from it.因为 — cause and effect
因为 (yīnwèi)⋯⋯ 所以 (suǒyǐ)⋯⋯因为下雨,所以我没去。Yīnwèi xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méi qù.It was raining, so I didn't go.快 — about to happen
快 (kuài) + Verb / Adj. + 了 (le)快下雨了。Kuài xià yǔ le.It is going to rain.别 — stop doing
别 (bié) + Verb + 了 (le)别哭了。Bié kū le.Stop crying.Adverbs
别 — negative commands
别 (bié) + Verb别走!Bié zǒu!Don't go!都…还 — already, and still
Subj. + 都 (dōu) + Predicate都十二点了,他还不睡。Dōu shí'èr diǎn le, tā hái bù shuì.It’s already twelve o’clock, and he still hasn’t gone to bed.还 — still
Subj. + 还 (hái) + Verb Phrase / Adj.我还在学习。Wǒ hái zài xuéxí.I am still studying.就 — early action
Subj. + Time + 就 (jiù) + Verb + 了 (le)他八点就来了。Tā bā diǎn jiù lái le.He came as early as eight o'clock.常 / 经常 — often, frequently
Subj. + 常 (cháng) / 经常 (jīngcháng) + Verb phrase我经常喝茶。Wǒ jīngcháng hē chá.I often drink tea.有时 / 有时候 — sometimes
Subj. + 有时 (yǒushí) / 有时候 (yǒushíhou) + Verb phrase我有时候走路去上班。Wǒ yǒushíhou zǒulù qù shàngbān.I sometimes walk to work.就要 — about to happen
(还有 (háiyǒu) + Time Period) + 就要 (jiùyào) + Verb Phrase + 了 (le)还有五分钟就要上课了。Hái yǒu wǔ fēnzhōng jiù yào shàngkè le.Class is about to start in five minutes.都 + time — already
都 (dōu) + Time + 了 (le)都十二点了!Dōu shí'èr diǎn le!It's already twelve o'clock!还是 — had better
Subj. + 还是 (háishi) + Verb Phrase (+ 吧 (ba))天黑了,你还是回家吧。Tiān hēi le, nǐ háishì huí jiā ba.It's dark, you'd better go home.已经 — already
已经 (yǐjīng) + Verbal phrase + 了 (le)我已经知道了。Wǒ yǐjīng zhīdào le.I already know.好 — degree adverb “so, very”
好 (hǎo) + Adj.这个苹果好漂亮!Zhège píngguǒ hǎo piàoliang!This apple is so pretty!Prepositions
比 — comparing two things
Noun 1 + 比 (bǐ) + Noun 2 + Adj.我比你高。Wǒ bǐ nǐ gāo.I am taller than you.给 — for (someone)
Subj. + 给 (gěi) + Recipient + Verb Phrase我给你做饭。Wǒ gěi nǐ zuòfàn.I cook for you.往 — toward
往 (wǎng) + Direction Word往前走。Wǎng qián zǒu.Go straight ahead.从…到 — from… to…
从 (cóng)⋯⋯到 (dào)⋯⋯从北京到上海很远。Cóng Běijīng dào Shànghǎi hěn yuǎn.It's far from Beijing to Shanghai.Auxiliary verbs
Comparison Patterns
多了 — much more in comparisons
Noun 1 + 比 (bǐ) + Noun 2 + Adj. + 多了 (duō le)他比我高多了。Tā bǐ wǒ gāo duō le.He is much taller than me.有 — comparable degree
Noun 1 + 有 (yǒu) + Noun 2 + Adj. + 吗 (ma)?他有你这么高吗?Tā yǒu nǐ zhème gāo ma?Is he as tall as you?得多 / 多了 — much more
Noun 1 + 比 (bǐ) + Noun 2 + Adj. + 得多 (de duō) / 多了 (duō le)今天比昨天热多了。Jīntiān bǐ zuótiān rè duō le.Today is much hotter than yesterday.Adjectives
Complex Sentence Patterns
Adverbs with Adjectives
Conjunctions
跟 — with, together with
跟 (gēn)⋯⋯ + Verb我想跟你谈谈。Wǒ xiǎng gēn nǐ tán tan.I want to talk with you.还是 — alternative question
A + 还是 (háishi) + B?你喝茶还是喝咖啡?Nǐ hē chá háishì hē kāfēi?Will you have tea or coffee?还是 — or in embedded questions
不知道 (bù zhīdào) / 想知道 (xiǎng zhīdào) + A + 还是 (háishi) + B我不知道他喝茶还是喝咖啡。Wǒ bù zhīdào tā hē chá háishi hē kāfēi.I don't know whether he drinks tea or coffee.Particles
了 — completed action with complement
Verb + Complement + 了 (le) + (Obj.)他写完了作业。Tā xiě wán le zuòyè.He finished writing the homework.的 — modal particle for certainty
Statement + 的 (de)我会帮你忙的。Wǒ huì bāng nǐ máng de.I will definitely help you.着 — ongoing state
Verb + 着 (zhe)门开着。Mén kāi zhe.The door is open.过 — experience marker
Verb + 过 (guo)我去过中国。Wǒ qù guo Zhōngguó.I have been to China.过 — completed action in the past
Verb + 过 (guo) + 了 (le)我已经去过中国了。Wǒ yǐjīng qù guo Zhōngguó le.I have already been to China.Numbers
Numbers and Measure Words
Verb phrases
一起 — together
一起 (yìqǐ) + Verb我们一起学习。Wǒmen yìqǐ xuéxí.We study together.给 — verb + give to someone
Subj. + Verb + 给 (gěi) + Recipient + Obj.我送给你一本书。Wǒ sòng gěi nǐ yì běn shū.I give a book to you.给 — giving to someone
Subj. + 给 (gěi) + Target + Verb + Obj.我给你写信。Wǒ gěi nǐ xiě xìn.I write a letter to you.看看 — verb reduplication, “take a look”
Verb + Verb你看看。Nǐ kàn kan.Take a look.在 — location after verbs
Verb + 在 (zài) + Place我住在北京。Wǒ zhù zài Běijīng.I live in Beijing.了 — ongoing duration with double 了
Verb + 了 (le) + Duration + 了 (le)我学中文学了三年了。Wǒ xué Zhōngwén xué le sān nián le.I have been learning Chinese for three years.了 — ongoing duration
Verb + 了 (le) + Duration + 了 (le)他等了一个小时了。Tā děng le yī gè xiǎoshí le.He has been waiting for an hour.帮忙 — separable verb
Verb + Object我帮了他一个忙。Wǒ bāng le tā yī gè máng.I did him a favor.Verbs
Complements
来/去 — direction complement
Verb + 来 (lái)/去 (qù)他跑过来了。Tā pǎo guòlái le.He ran over here.得 — degree complement
Verb + 得 (de)⋯⋯他跑得很快。Tā pǎo de hěn kuài.He runs very fast.好 / 完 / 错 — result complements
Verb + 好 (hǎo) / 完 (wán) / 错 (cuò)我吃完了。Wǒ chī wán le.I finished eating.完 — finishing an action
Verb + 完 (wán) (+ 了 (le))我做完作业了。Wǒ zuò wán zuòyè le.I finished my homework.