HSK 1 Chinese grammar
3.099 grammar rules of the new HSK standard at this level, with structures, examples and an interactive exercise for every rule.
Adverbs
不 — negation with not
不 (bù) + Verb / Adj.我不喝茶。Wǒ bù hē chá.I do not drink tea.都 — all, both
都 (dōu) + Verb / Adj.我们都是学生。Wǒmen dōu shì xuésheng.We are all students.也 — also, too
也 (yě) + Verb / Adj.我也是学生。Wǒ yě shì xuéshēng.I am also a student.没有 — negation of “have”
没 (méi) + 有 (yǒu) + Noun我没有手机。Wǒ méiyǒu shǒujī.I do not have a mobile phone.在 — actions in progress
(正 (zhèng)) 在 (zài) + Verb我们正在吃饭。Wǒmen zhèngzài chī fàn.We are eating right now.还…呢 — still in progress
Subj. + 还 (hái) + Predicate + 呢 (ne)他还在睡觉呢。Tā hái zài shuìjiào ne.He is still sleeping.都 — emphasizing quantity
Subj. + 都 (dōu) + Predicate / Verb Phrase大家都来了。Dàjiā dōu lái le.Everyone came.再 — again in the future
再 (zài) + Verb明天再来。Míngtiān zài lái.I'll come again tomorrow.还 — and also
还 (hái) + Verb我会说英语,还会说法语。Wǒ huì shuō Yīngyǔ, hái huì shuō Fǎyǔ.I speak English and also French.也 都 — also all
Subj. + 也 (yě) + 都 (dōu) + Verb我们也都喜欢喝茶。Wǒmen yě dōu xǐhuan hē chá.We all also like tea.Adverbs with Adjectives
多 — asking about degree
Subj. + 多 (duō) + Adj.?你多高?Nǐ duō gāo?How tall are you?多 — how very…
多 (duō) + Adj. (+啊 (a))你看,他跑得多快啊!Nǐ kàn, tā pǎo de duō kuài a!Look how fast he's running!的 — adjective + 的 + noun
Adj. + 的 (de) + Noun我有一辆红色的汽车。Wǒ yǒu yī liàng hóngsè de qìchē.I have a red car.不太 — not very
不太 (bù tài) + Adj.我今天不太舒服。Wǒ jīntiān bù tài shūfu.I don't feel very well today.真 — really + adjective
真 (zhēn) + Adj.真漂亮!Zhēn piàoliang!Really beautiful!的 — modifying nouns with phrase
Phrase + 的 (de) + Noun我买的书。Wǒ mǎi de shū.The book that I bought.有点 — a little too
有点儿 (yǒudiǎnr) / 有点 (yǒudiǎn) + Adj.我有点累。Wǒ yǒudiǎn lèi.I'm a little tired.Conjunctions
和 — and
Noun 1 + 和 (hé) + Noun 2我喜欢茶和咖啡。Wǒ xǐhuan chá hé kāfēi.I like tea and coffee.还有 — in addition
⋯⋯,还有 (háiyǒu) + Additional Information我买了面包,还有牛奶。Wǒ mǎi le miànbāo, háiyǒu niúnǎi.I bought bread, and also milk.来 — linking method to purpose
(用 (yòng) / 通过 (tōngguò)) + Method + 来 (lái) + Purpose我们用这种方法来解决问题。Wǒmen yòng zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ lái jiějué wèntí.We use this method to solve the problem.Numbers
星期 — days of the week
星期 (xīngqī) + Number今天星期一。Jīntiān xīngqī yī.Today is Monday.岁 — age in Chinese
Subj. + Number + 岁 (suì)他二十岁。Tā èrshí suì.He is twenty years old.年 — dates in Chinese
Number + 年 (nián) + Number + 月 (yuè) + Number + 日 (rì)2023年5月15日。Èr líng èr sān nián wǔ yuè shíwǔ rì.May 15, 2023.点 — telling the hour
Number + 点 (diǎn)现在三点。Xiànzài sān diǎn.It's three o'clock now.个 — measure word for counting
Number + 个 (gè) + Noun我有三个苹果。Wǒ yǒu sān gè píngguǒ.I have three apples.五百六十九 — numbers up to 9999
Number + Unit这个数字是五百六十九。Zhège shùzì shì wǔ bǎi liù shí jiǔ.This number is five hundred and sixty-nine.点…分 — hours and minutes
Number 1 + 点 (diǎn) / 钟 (zhōng) + Number 2 + 分 (fēn) / 分钟 (fēnzhōng)现在三点十五分。Xiànzài sān diǎn shíwǔ fēn.It's three fifteen now.Particles
的 — possessive “my, your, his”
Noun 1 + 的 (de) + Noun 2这是我的书。Zhè shì wǒ de shū.This is my book.的 — close relationship possession
Pronoun + Close Person这是我妈妈。Zhè shì wǒ māma.This is my mom.了 — change of state
Change of State + 了 (le)下雨了!Xià yǔ le!It's raining now!了 — completed action after the verb
Subj. + Verb + 了 (le) + Obj.我吃了饭。Wǒ chī le fàn.I have eaten.不 — not anymore
不 (bù) + Verb Phrase + 了 (le)我不去了。Wǒ bù qù le.I’m not going anymore. / I’ve changed my mind about going.啊 — sentence-final interjection
⋯啊 (a)你好啊!Nǐ hǎo a!Hello!吧 — suggestions with “let's”
Command + 吧 (ba)我们走吧!Wǒmen zǒu ba!Let's go!呢 — question particle
⋯⋯呢 (ne)?你在做什么呢?Nǐ zài zuò shénme ne?What are you doing?呢 — “and …?” questions
Topic + 呢 (ne)?我很好。你呢?Wǒ hěn hǎo. Nǐ ne?I'm fine. And you?了 — sentence-final after verb + object
Verb + Object + 了 (le)我吃饭了。Wǒ chī fàn le.I have eaten.呢 — ongoing action
Subj. + Verb Phrase + 呢 (ne)妈妈做饭呢。Māma zuò fàn ne.Mom is cooking right now.呢 — emphasizing a statement
Statement + 呢 (ne)我会说汉语呢。Wǒ huì shuō Hànyǔ ne.I can speak Chinese, you know.了 — already done
Subj. + Verb Phrase + 了 (le)我吃了。Wǒ chī le.I've already eaten.Verbs
有 — possession
Subj. + 有 (yǒu) + Obj.我有钱。Wǒ yǒu qián.I have money.请 — polite requests
请 (qǐng) + Verb请坐。Qǐng zuò.Please, have a seat.有 — existence with “there is”
Place + 有 (yǒu) + Obj.桌子上有一本书。Zhuōzi shàng yǒu yì běn shū.There is a book on the table.叫 — saying names with “to be called”
叫 (jiào) + Name我叫安娜。Wǒ jiào Ānnà.My name is Anna.在 — location with “to be at”
Subj. + 在 (zài) + Place他在家。Tā zài jiā.He is at home.来 vs 去 — coming and going
来 (lái) / 去 (qù) + Place请来我家。Qǐng lái wǒ jiā.Please come to my house.去 — going to a place
去 (qù) + Place我想去北京。Wǒ xiǎng qù Běijīng.I want to go to Beijing.姓 — surname, to be surnamed
姓 (xìng) + Surname我姓王。Wǒ xìng Wáng.My last name is Wang.来自 — to come from
Subj. + 来自 (láizì) + Place / Source他来自中国。Tā láizì Zhōngguó.He comes from China.来 — “to” linking actions
Verb Phrase 1 + 来 (lái) + Verb Phrase 2我们开个会来讨论这个问题。Wǒmen kāi gè huì lái tǎolùn zhège wèntí.We'll hold a meeting to discuss this issue.Auxiliary verbs
想 — wanting to, “I want”
想 (xiǎng) + Verb我想喝水。Wǒ xiǎng hē shuǐ.I would like to drink water.能 — can, be able to
能 (néng) + Verb我能去。Wǒ néng qù.I can go.会 — learned skill
会 (huì) + Verb我会游泳。Wǒ huì yóuyǒng.I know how to swim.要 — want, need, going to
要 (yào) + Noun / 要 (yào) + Verb我要水。Wǒ yào shuǐ.I need water.可以 — permission, may
可以 (kěyǐ) + Verb我可以进来吗?Wǒ kěyǐ jìnlái ma?May I come in?要 — wanting to do something
要 (yào) + Verb我要学中文。Wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén.I want to study Chinese.Verb phrases
怎么 — how to questions
怎么 (zěnme) + Action?怎么写这个字?Zěnme xiě zhège zì?How do you write this character?没有 — didn't, past negation
没有 (méiyǒu) + Verb我昨天没有看电视。Wǒ zuótiān méiyǒu kàn diànshì.I didn't watch TV yesterday.不要 — negative commands
不要 (búyào) + Verb不要说话!Búyào shuōhuà!Do not talk!在 — location before verbs
Subj. + 在 (zài) + Place + Verb我在家学习。Wǒ zài jiā xuéxí.I study at home.很 — very with verbs
很 (hěn) + Verb我很喜欢中国菜。Wǒ hěn xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài.I really like Chinese food.次 — verb measure words
Verb + Number + Measure Word我去过一次北京。Wǒ qùguo yī cì Běijīng.I have been to Beijing once.教你 — double object verbs
Subj. + Verb + Indirect Obj. + Direct Obj.我教你中文。Wǒ jiāo nǐ Zhōngwén.I teach you Chinese.去 — actions in a row
(Verb Phrase 1) + (Verb Phrase 2)我去书店买书。Wǒ qù shūdiàn mǎi shū.I go to the bookstore to buy books.一下 — verbing briefly
Verb + 一下 (yíxià)我看一下这本书。Wǒ kàn yīxià zhè běn shū.Let me take a look at this book.Basics
是 — “is” in Chinese
A + 是 (shì) + B他是老师。Tā shì lǎoshī.He is a teacher.我 — basic sentence order
Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.)我喝茶。Wǒ hē chá.I drink tea.很 — very + adjective
Subject + 很 (hěn) + Adj.这本书很好。Zhè běn shū hěn hǎo.This book is good.太 — too, excessively
太 (tài) + Adj. + 了 (le)太贵了!Tài guì le!Too expensive!Numbers and Measure Words
块 — counting money
Number + 块 (kuài) / 元 (yuán) (+ Number + 毛 (máo) / 角 (jiǎo)) (+ 钱 (qián))二十块五毛。Èrshí kuài wǔ máo.Twenty yuan and five mao.几 vs 多少 — how many/how much
几 (jǐ) + Measure Word (+ Noun)? / 多少 (duōshao) (+ Measure Word) + Noun?你有几本书?Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū?How many books do you have?本 — measure words for counting
Number + Measure Word + Noun我买了三本书。Wǒ mǎi le sān běn shū.I bought three books.这 / 那 — this and that with measure words
这 (zhè) / 那 (nà) + Measure Word (+ Noun)这个人是我哥哥。Zhè gè rén shì wǒ gēge.This person is my older brother.第 — ordinal numbers
第 (dì) + Number (+ Measure Word)我第一次坐飞机。Wǒ dì yī cì zuò fēijī.I take a plane for the first time.半 — half
Number + Measure Word + 半 (bàn) + Noun一个半小时。Yī gè bàn xiǎoshí.An hour and a half.Question Forms
吗 — yes-no questions
Statement + 吗 (ma)?你喜欢咖啡吗?Nǐ xǐhuan kāfēi ma?Do you like coffee?什么 — question words
什么 (shénme) / 什么时候 (shénme shíhòu) / 谁 (shéi) / 哪儿 (nǎr) / 为什么 (wèishéme) / 怎么 (zěnme)你什么时候来?Nǐ shénme shíhòu lái?When will you come?怎么样 — how is it?
⋯⋯怎么样 (zěnmeyàng)?你怎么样?Nǐ zěnmeyàng?How are you?不 — affirmative-negative question
Verb + 不 (bù) + Verb / Adj. + 不 (bù) + Adj.你去不去?Nǐ qù bu qù?Are you going or not?了吗 — questions with 了吗
Verb + 了 (le) + 吗 (ma)?你吃饭了吗?Nǐ chīfàn le ma?Have you eaten?是不是 — tag questions
⋯⋯是不是 (shì bu shì) / 对不对 (duì bu duì) / 好不好 (hǎo bu hǎo)?你是学生,对不对?Nǐ shì xuéshēng, duì bu duì?You are a student, right?吗 — tag questions
⋯⋯是 (shì)吗 (ma) / 对 (duì)吗 (ma) / 好 (hǎo)吗 (ma)?很好,是吗?Hěn hǎo, shì ma?Great, isn't it?Nouns
时间 — time words and word order
Subj. + Time … / Time + Subj. …明天我去医院。Míngtiān wǒ qù yīyuàn.Tomorrow I am going to the hospital.的时候 — when
⋯⋯的时候 (de shíhou)我吃饭的时候在看电视。Wǒ chīfàn de shíhòu zài kàn diànshì.When I was eating, I was watching TV.以前 — before, previously
以前 (yǐqián),⋯⋯以前,我不会说中文。Yǐqián, wǒ bù huì shuō Zhōngwén.I couldn't speak Chinese before.刚才 — just now
刚才 (gāngcái) + Verb刚才有人找你。Gāngcái yǒu rén zhǎo nǐ.Someone was looking for you just now.时 — when, at the time of
Time + 时 (shí)回家时,给我打个电话。Huí jiā shí, gěi wǒ dǎ gè diànhuà.Give me a call when you go home.以后 — in the future
以后 (yǐhòu),⋯⋯以后,你不要问我。Yǐhòu, nǐ búyào wèn wǒ.In the future, don’t ask me.