而
ér
And, but, while
How to say “because” with 而 (ér)
Cause + 而 (ér) + Effect (formal, literary)
而 (ér) — because, resulting in
HSK 6Cause/Effect Statements
Cause + 而 (ér) + Effect (formal, literary)
HSK 6Cause/Effect Statements而 (ér) — because, resulting in
Rule structure
而 (ér) can link cause and effect in formal/literary Chinese. It often pairs with 因 (yīn), 由 (yóu), 为 (wèi) etc. The structure emphasizes the causal relationship.
Rule structure
而 (ér) can link cause and effect in formal/literary Chinese. It often pairs with 因 (yīn), 由 (yóu), 为 (wèi) etc. The structure emphasizes the causal relationship.
Examples
因疏忽而导致事故。
Yīn shūhū ér dǎozhì shìgù.
The accident was caused by negligence.
Examples
因疏忽而导致事故。
Yīn shūhū ér dǎozhì shìgù.
The accident was caused by negligence.
Practice
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Characters
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Frequently asked questions
How do you say “because, resulting in” in Chinese with 而?
Use the structure: Cause + 而 (ér) + Effect (formal, literary). For example: 因疏忽而导致事故。 — “The accident was caused by negligence”.
What is an example sentence with this grammar rule?
因疏忽而导致事故。 — “The accident was caused by negligence”.
Which HSK level includes this grammar rule?
This grammar rule is part of HSK 6.
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More HSK 6 grammar rules
与否 — whether or not
Verb / Adj. + 与否 (yǔfǒu) — formal "whether or not"
嘛 — self-evident statement
Statement + 嘛 (ma) — obviousness
无非 — nothing but
无非 (wúfēi) + Noun / Clause (dismissive)
以及 — as well as
Noun A + 以及 (yǐjí) + Noun B
何况 — let alone
Clause A, 何况 (hékuàng) + Clause B (even more so)
则 — contrast, “whereas”
Topic A + 则 (zé) + Comment / Verb
凡是 — all, every
凡是 (fánshì) + Noun Phrase, 都 (dōu) + Verb
是否 — is or is not, whether
是否 (shìfǒu) + Verb / Adj. (formal "whether")