HSK 3 Chinese grammar

3.0

106 grammar rules of the new HSK standard at this level, with structures, examples and an interactive exercise for every rule.

Question Forms

Adjectives

Adverbs

先 — first… then…

先 (xiān)……, 再 (zài)……我们先吃饭,再去看电影。Wǒmen xiān chīfàn, zài qù kàn diànyǐng.First we'll eat, then we'll go see a movie.

一边 — doing two things at once

一边 (yìbiān) + Verb 1, 一边 (yìbiān) + Verb 2她喜欢一边听音乐,一边工作。Tā xǐhuan yībiān tīng yīnyuè, yībiān gōngzuò.She likes to listen to music while working.

又 — again in the past

又 (yòu) + Verb + 了 (le)他又迟到了。Tā yòu chídào le.He was late again.

一直 — all along, continuously

Subj. + 一直 (yìzhí) + Verb/Adj.我一直相信你。Wǒ yīzhí xiāngxìn nǐ.I have believed you all along.

总是 — always

总是 (zǒngshì) + Predicate他总是很忙。Tā zǒngshì hěn máng.He is always very busy.

终于 — finally

Subj. + 终于 (zhōngyú) + Verb + 了 (le)任务终于完成了。Rènwù zhōngyú wánchéng le.The task is finally finished.

才 — lateness, “not until”

Subj. + Time + 才 (cái) + Verb他晚上十点才回家。Tā wǎnshang shí diǎn cái huí jiā.He didn't come home until 10 p.m.

几乎 — nearly, almost

Subj. + 几乎 (jīhū) + Verb/Adj.我几乎忘了他的名字。Wǒ jīhū wàng le tā de míngzi.I almost forgot his name.

只 — only, just

Subj. + 只 (zhǐ) + Verb + Obj.我只喝茶,不喝咖啡。Wǒ zhǐ hē chá, bù hē kāfēi.I only drink tea, not coffee.

总 — always, all the time

总 (zǒng) + Verb Phrase他总是不听劝。Tā zǒngshì bù tīng quàn.He always ignores advice.

再不 — last chance with “if not… then…”

Subj. + 再不 (zài bù) + Verb Phrase, 就 (jiù) + result你再不走,就迟到了。Nǐ zài bù zǒu, jiù chídào le.If you don’t leave now, you’ll be late.

又 — again, repeated past action

Subj. + (Time) + 又 (yòu) + Verb + 了 (le)他昨天又迟到了。Tā zuótiān yòu chídào le.He was late again yesterday.

看来 — it seems, apparently

(在 (zài) + Person +) 看来 (kànlái)看来他今天不来了。Kànlái tā jīntiān bù lái le.It seems he’s not coming today.

一 + measure word — one by one

一 (yī) + Measure Word + 一 (yī) + Measure Word同学们一个个走进教室。Tóngxuémen yī gè gè zǒu jìn jiàoshì.The students entered the classroom one by one.

按照 vs 根据 — according to vs based on

按照 (ànzhào) + Rule / Standard (follow) / 根据 (gēnjù) + Basis / Source (based on)按照规定办事。 / 根据调查得出结论。Ànzhào guīdìng bànshì. / Gēnjù diàochá dé chū jiélùn.Act according to the rules. / Draw a conclusion based on the survey.

根据 vs 据 — according to, based on

根据 (gēnjù) + Noun / 据 (jù) + Source / Report根据法律,这样做不行。 / 据报道,会议取消了。Gēnjù fǎlǜ, zhèyàng zuò bù xíng. / Jù bàodào, huìyì qǔxiāo le.According to the law, this is not allowed. / According to reports, the meeting was canceled.

差不多 — almost, nearly

Subj. + 差不多 (chàbuduō)我们差不多都到了。Wǒmen chàbuduō dōu dào le.Almost all of us have arrived.

刚 — just happened

Subj. + 刚 (gāng) + Verb Phrase (+ 了 (le))我刚到家。Wǒ gāng dào jiā.I just arrived home.

当然 — of course, obviously

Subj. + 当然 (dāngrán) + Verb / 当然 (dāngrán), + Subj. + Verb你当然可以来我家。Nǐ dāngrán kěyǐ lái wǒ jiā.Of course you can come to my home.

其实 — actually, in fact

其实 (qíshí) + Subj. + Verb / Subj. + 其实 (qíshí) + Verb其实我不喜欢咖啡。Qíshí wǒ bù xǐhuan kāfēi.Actually, I do not like coffee.

一定 — definitely, must

Subj. + 一定 (yídìng) + Verb/Adj.你明天一定要来。Nǐ míngtiān yídìng yào lái.You must definitely come tomorrow.

特别 — especially, very

Subj. + 特别 (tèbié) + Adj./Verb这个西瓜特别甜。Zhège xīguā tèbié tián.This watermelon is very sweet.

大概 — probably, most likely

Subj. + 大概 (dàgài) + Verb / Adj.他大概已经回家了。Tā dàgài yǐjīng huí jiā le.He has probably already gone home.

必须 — must, have to

Subj. + 必须 (bìxū) + Verb你明天必须来公司。Nǐ míngtiān bìxū lái gōngsī.You must come to the office tomorrow.

到处 — everywhere, all over

Subj. + 到处 (dàochù) + Verb他到处找他的手机。Tā dàochù zhǎo tā de shǒujī.He is looking for his phone everywhere.

才 — only, small number

Subj. + 才 (cái) + Number + MW他才五岁。Tā cái wǔ suì.He is only five years old.

马上 — right away, immediately

Subject + 马上 (mǎshàng) + (就 (jiù)) + Verb我马上就来。Wǒ mǎshàng jiù lái.I will come right away.

一会儿 — in a moment, a little while

一会儿 (yíhuìr) + Verb / Verb + 一会儿 (yíhuìr)一会儿见。Yíhuìr jiàn.See you in a little while.

一共 — in total, altogether

Subj. + 一共 (yígòng) + Verb + Number + Noun我们班一共有二十个学生。Wǒmen bān yígòng yǒu èrshí ge xuésheng.There are twenty students in our class in total.

就 — then

就 (jiù) + Verb Phrase你告诉我,我就做。Nǐ gàosu wǒ, wǒ jiù zuò.Tell me and I will do it.

就 — only, just a small quantity

Place / Scope + 就 (jiù) + Quantity + Noun房间里就一张床。Fángjiān lǐ jiù yì zhāng chuáng.There is only one bed in the room.

Adverbs with Adjectives

Conjunctions

Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns

Sentence Patterns

为…而… — purpose with 为…而…

为 (wèi) + Purpose + 而 (ér) + Action他为理想而奋斗。Tā wèi lǐxiǎng ér fèndòu.He strives for his ideal.

或者 — either… or…

或者 (huòzhě) + Option A, 或者 (huòzhě) + Option B或者你去,或者我去,我们得去一个人。Huòzhě nǐ qù, huòzhě wǒ qù, wǒmen děi qù yī gè rén.Either you go, or I go; one of us has to go.

什么 都 — everything

什么 (shénme) + 都 (dōu) / 也 (yě)⋯⋯我什么都吃。Wǒ shénme dōu chī.I eat everything.

一 — not even one

一 (yī) + MW + 也 (yě)/都 (dōu) + 没 (méi)/不 (bù) + Verb我一个人都不认识。Wǒ yī gè rén dōu bù rènshi.I don't know a single person.

越 — the more… the more…

Subj.+越 (yuè)+Verb+越 (yuè) + Adj. / Verb你越说,我越不明白。Nǐ yuè shuō, wǒ yuè bù míngbai.The more you talk, the less I understand.

把 — how to use the 把 sentence

Subj. + 把 (bǎ) + Obj. + Verb请把门打开。Qǐng bǎ mén dǎkāi.Please open the door.

被 — passive voice

Patient/Object + 被 (bèi) + (Agent) + Verb Phrase杯子被我打碎了。Bēizi bèi wǒ dǎ suì le.The cup was broken by me.

不比 — not more than

A + 不比 (bù bǐ) + B + Adj. (A is not more Adj. than B)他不比我高。Tā bù bǐ wǒ gāo.He is not taller than me.

把 — advanced uses

Subj. + 把 (bǎ) + Obj. + Verb + Complex Complement他把房间打扫得干干净净。Tā bǎ fángjiān dǎsǎo de gāngānjìngjìng.He cleaned the room spotless.

岂不是 — isn't it…?

岂不是 (qǐ bù shì) + Rhetorical Question这岂不是很好吗?Zhè qǐbùshì hěn hǎo ma?Isn’t this good?

Nouns

Prepositions

"If" Statements

Word Formation

Measure Words

Numbers

Verbs

Complements

得 — potential complement

Verb + 得 (de) / 不 (bù) + Complement我看得懂中文。Wǒ kàn de dǒng Zhōngwén.I can understand written Chinese.

下去 — continue doing

Verb + 下去 (xiàqù)请说下去。Qǐng shuō xiàqù.Please go on speaking.

得 / 不 — potential complements

Verb + 得 (de) / 不 (bù) + Result Complement这么多菜,我一个人吃不完。Zhème duō cài, wǒ yī gè rén chī bù wán.So many dishes, I can’t finish them all by myself.

坏了 — extremely, awfully

Verb / Adj. + 坏了 (huàile)这几天忙坏了。Zhè jǐ tiān máng huài le.I’ve been extremely busy these days.

不懂 — not understanding

Verb + 不懂 (bù dǒng)我听不懂。Wǒ tīng bù dǒng.I don't understand by listening.

到 vs 见 — result complements

Verb + 到 (dào) / 见 (jiàn)我看见你了。Wǒ kàn jiàn nǐ le.I saw you.

起来 — starting an action

Verb / Adj. + 起来 (qǐlái)他一听这话,就哭起来了。Tā yī tīng zhè huà, jiù kū qǐlái le.As soon as he heard this, he started crying.

住, 开, 出来 — result complements

Verb + 住 (zhù) / 开 (kāi) / 出 (chū)(来 (lái))他抓住了机会。 / 她拉开了抽屉。 / 我认出他来了。Tā zhuāzhù le jīhuì. / Tā lākāi le chōuti. / Wǒ rèn chū tā lái le.He seized the opportunity. / She pulled the drawer open. / I recognized him.

到 — tricky uses of 到

Verb + 到 (dào)他提到了这个问题。 / 我没想到你会来。Tā tídào le zhège wèntí. / Wǒ méi xiǎngdào nǐ huì lái.He mentioned this issue. / I didn’t expect you to come.

Auxiliary verbs

Numbers and Quantities

Fixed Expressions

Auxiliary Verbs

Pronouns

Conditional Statements

Comparison Patterns

Complex Sentence Patterns

Time Words