HSK 6 Chinese grammar

58 HSK 6 grammar rules with structures, examples and an interactive exercise for every rule.

Particles

Nouns

Adverbs

偏 — contrary to expectations

Subj. + 偏偏 (piānpiān) + Verb (undesirable coincidence)我正急着走,偏偏下雨了。Wǒ zhèng jízhe zǒu, piānpiān xià yǔ le.I was in a hurry, but of course it had to rain.

凡是 — all, every

凡是 (fánshì) + Noun Phrase, 都 (dōu) + Verb凡是报名的人都要参加考试。Fánshì bàomíng de rén dōu yào cānjiā kǎoshì.All those who signed up must take the exam.

向来 — always previously

Subj. + 向来 (xiànglái) + Verb / Adj.他向来守时。Tā xiànglái shǒushí.He has always been punctual.

一向 — always been

Subj. + 一向 (yíxiàng) + Verb / Adj.他一向很准时。Tā yīxiàng hěn zhǔnshí.He has always been very punctual.

到时候 — when the time comes

到时候 (dào shíhou), Main Clause (future reference)你先准备,到时候我叫你。Nǐ xiān zhǔnbèi, dào shíhòu wǒ jiào nǐ.You prepare first; when the time comes, I’ll call you.

似乎 — as if, seemingly

似乎 (sìhū) + Clause (speculative)他似乎不太高兴。Tā sìhū bù tài gāoxìng.He seems not very happy.

再…也 — no matter how

再 (zài) + Adj., 也 (yě) + Result再难,也要坚持下去。Zài nán, yě yào jiānchí xiàqù.No matter how hard it is, we still have to persevere.

果然 — as expected

果然 (guǒrán) + Result (matching expectation)天气预报说会下雨,果然下雨了。Tiānqì yùbào shuō huì xià yǔ, guǒrán xià yǔ le.The weather forecast said it would rain, and sure enough it rained.

一律 — no exception, all without exception

一律 (yílǜ) + Verb / Adj. (uniformly, without exception)游客一律免费入场。Yóukè yīlǜ miǎnfèi rùchǎng.Visitors all enter for free without exception.

无非 — nothing but

无非 (wúfēi) + Noun / Clause (dismissive)他说的无非是借口。Tā shuō de wúfēi shì jièkǒu.What he said is nothing but an excuse.

一再 — again and again

一再 (yízài) + Verb Phrase他一再道歉。Tā yīzài dàoqiàn.He apologized again and again.

足足 — a full amount

足足 (zúzú) + Quantity + Measure Word (+ Noun)他足足等了一个小时。Tā zúzú děng le yī gè xiǎoshí.He waited a full hour.

倒 — contrary, unexpected

倒 (dào) + Verb / Adj. (surprise, concession, softening)你说得倒容易! / 我倒想试试。Nǐ shuō de dào róngyì! / Wǒ dào xiǎng shìshi.Easy for you to say! / I, on the other hand, want to try.

何必 — why bother

何必 (hébì) + Verb Phrase (rhetorical, unnecessary)何必这么客气?Hébì zhème kèqi?Why be so polite?

一时 vs 一度 — temporary vs once

一时 (yìshí): temporary (moment) / 一度 (yídù): once (period in past)他一时冲动买了很多东西。 / 这个词一度很流行。Tā yìshí chōngdòng mǎi le hěn duō dōngxi. / Zhège cí yídù hěn liúxíng.He bought many things on impulse. / This word was once popular.

一直 vs 一向 — always vs consistently

一直 (yìzhí): continuously (from past to present) / 一向 (yíxiàng): consistently (habit)我一直在等你。 / 他一向很节俭。Wǒ yìzhí zài děng nǐ. / Tā yíxiàng hěn jiéjiǎn.I have been waiting for you all along. / He has always been frugal.

不得不 vs 只好 — no choice vs reluctant

不得不 (bùdébù) + Verb (no choice, compelled) / 只好 (zhǐhǎo) + Verb (reluctant but accepting)我不得不拒绝。 / 没车,只好走路。Wǒ bùdébù jùjué. / Méi chē, zhǐhǎo zǒulù.I have no choice but to refuse. / There’s no car, so we have to walk.

不断 vs 不停 — continuous vs nonstop

不断 (bùduàn) + Verb (continuous, unceasing) / 不停 (bùtíng) + Verb (incessant, nonstop)公司不断进步。员工不停地努力工作。Gōngsī bùduàn jìnbù. Yuángōng bùtíng de nǔlì gōngzuò.The company keeps improving. The employees keep working hard nonstop.

反而 vs 却 — contrary to expectation vs but

反而 (fǎn'ér): contrary to expectation / 却 (què): however, but他努力了,反而失败了。 / 他说帮忙,却没来。Tā nǔlì le, fǎn'ér shībài le. / Tā shuō bāngmáng, què méi lái.He tried hard, but contrary to expectations, he failed. / He said he would help, yet he didn’t come.

居然 vs 反而 — unexpected vs on the contrary

居然 (jūrán): unexpectedly (surprise) / 反而 (fǎn'ér): on the contrary他居然迟到了。 / 帮忙反而添了乱。Tā jūrán chídào le. / Bāngmáng fǎn'ér tiān le luàn.He was unexpectedly late. / Helping actually made things worse.

恢复 vs 还原 — restore vs return to original

恢复 (huīfù): restore (state, function) / 还原 (huányuán): restore to original state他恢复了健康。 / 技术人员还原了数据。Tā huīfù le jiànkāng. / Jìshù rényuán huányuán le shùjù.He recovered his health. / The technician restored the data to its original state.

按照 vs 根据 — according to vs based on

按照 (ànzhào) + Rule / Standard (follow) / 根据 (gēnjù) + Basis / Source (based on)按照规定办事。 / 根据调查得出结论。Ànzhào guīdìng bànshì. / Gēnjù diàochá dé chū jiélùn.Act according to the rules. / Draw a conclusion based on the survey.

根据 vs 据 — according to, based on

根据 (gēnjù) + Noun / 据 (jù) + Source / Report根据法律,这样做不行。 / 据报道,会议取消了。Gēnjù fǎlǜ, zhèyàng zuò bù xíng. / Jù bàodào, huìyì qǔxiāo le.According to the law, this is not allowed. / According to reports, the meeting was canceled.

根本 vs 到底 — at all vs after all

根本 (gēnběn): at all (negatives), fundamental / 到底 (dàodǐ): after all, finally我根本不知道。 / 你到底想怎样?Wǒ gēnběn bù zhīdào. / Nǐ dàodǐ xiǎng zěnyàng?I didn’t know at all. / What do you really want?

很是 — very, extremely

很是 (hěn shì) + Adj. / Verb Phrase他对这个结果很是满意。Tā duì zhège jiéguǒ hěnshì mǎnyì.He is very satisfied with this result.

Auxiliary Words

Conjunctions

Prepositions

Sentence patterns

一来 — giving two reasons

一来 (yìlái) + Reason 1, 二来 (èrlái) + Reason 2一来没时间,二来没兴趣。Yīlái méi shíjiān, èrlái méi xìngqù.Firstly, I have no time; secondly, I have no interest.

不愧是 — worthy of

不愧是 (bùkuì shì) + Noun / Noun Phrase不愧是冠军,水平就是高。Bùkuì shì guànjūn, shuǐpíng jiùshì gāo.True champion – the level is really high.

由 — who decides

由 (yóu) + Person + 做主 (zuòzhǔ)这件事由你来做主。Zhè jiàn shì yóu nǐ lái zuòzhǔ.This matter is up to you to decide.

与其 — rather than…

与其 (yǔqí) + Option A, 不如 (bùrú) + Option B与其等待,不如主动争取。Yǔqí děngdài, bùrú zhǔdòng zhēngqǔ.Rather than waiting, it’s better to take the initiative.

非得 — must, absolutely have to

Subj. + 非得 (fēiděi) + Verb Phrase + 不可 (bùkě) / 才行 (cái xíng)这事非得你去才行。Zhè shì fēiděi nǐ qù cái xíng.You absolutely must handle this matter.

莫过于 — nothing is more…than

莫过于 (mòguòyú) + Noun / Verb Phrase最大的幸福莫过于健康。Zuì dà de xìngfú mòguòyú jiànkāng.The greatest happiness is nothing other than health.

莫非 — could it be that

莫非 (mòfēi) + Speculation?莫非他生病了?Mòfēi tā shēngbìng le?Could it be that he’s sick?

兼 — at the same time, concurrently

兼 (jiān) + Noun / Verb (concurrently)他身兼数职。Tā shēn jiān shù zhí.He holds several positions concurrently.

以 — in the name of

以 (yǐ) + Person / Org + 的名义 (de míngyì) + Verb我以公司的名义邀请您。Wǒ yǐ gōngsī de míngyì yāoqǐng nín.I invite you in the name of the company.

由此 — from this, hence

由此 (yóucǐ) + Verb / Clause (hence, thus)由此可见,他是对的。Yóucǐ kějiàn, tā shì duì de.From this, it can be seen that he is right.

跟 — similar to, as if

跟 (gēn) + Noun + 似的 (shìde) — as if, like他高兴得跟孩子似的。Tā gāoxìng de gēn háizi shìde.He is happy like a child.

岂不是 — isn't it…?

岂不是 (qǐ bù shì) + Rhetorical Question这岂不是很好吗?Zhè qǐbùshì hěn hǎo ma?Isn’t this good?

非 — absolute must, “have to”

非 (fēi) + Verb / Noun + 不可 (bùkě)我非去不可。Wǒ fēi qù bùkě.I absolutely have to go.

Verbs

Verb phrases

Cause/Effect Statements

"If" Statements

Let alone