HSK 1 Chinese grammar
52 HSK 1 grammar rules with structures, examples and an interactive exercise for every rule.
Adverbs
都 — all, both
都 (dōu) + Verb / Adj.我们都是学生。Wǒmen dōu shì xuésheng.We are all students.也 — also, too
也 (yě) + Verb / Adj.我也是学生。Wǒ yě shì xuéshēng.I am also a student.没有 — negation of “have”
没 (méi) + 有 (yǒu) + Noun我没有手机。Wǒ méiyǒu shǒujī.I do not have a mobile phone.在 — actions in progress
(正 (zhèng)) 在 (zài) + Verb我们正在吃饭。Wǒmen zhèngzài chī fàn.We are eating right now.不 — negation with not
不 (bù) + Verb / Adj.我不喝茶。Wǒ bù hē chá.I do not drink tea.Adverbs with Adjectives
Conjunctions
Nouns
以前 — before a time
Time / Verb + 以前 (yǐqián)十年以前我来过这里。Shí nián yǐqián wǒ lái guo zhèlǐ.I came here ten years ago.以后 — after a time or action
Time / Verb + 以后 (yǐhòu)吃饭以后我们散步吧。Chīfàn yǐhòu wǒmen sànbù ba.After eating, let's take a walk.时间 — time words and word order
Subj. + Time … / Time + Subj. …明天我去医院。Míngtiān wǒ qù yīyuàn.Tomorrow I am going to the hospital.Numbers
星期 — days of the week
星期 (xīngqī) + Number今天星期一。Jīntiān xīngqī yī.Today is Monday.个 — measure word for counting
Number + 个 (gè) + Noun我有三个苹果。Wǒ yǒu sān gè píngguǒ.I have three apples.岁 — age in Chinese
Subj. + Number + 岁 (suì)他二十岁。Tā èrshí suì.He is twenty years old.点 — telling the hour
Number + 点 (diǎn)现在三点。Xiànzài sān diǎn.It's three o'clock now.年 — dates in Chinese
Number + 年 (nián) + Number + 月 (yuè) + Number + 日 (rì)2023年5月15日。Èr líng èr sān nián wǔ yuè shíwǔ rì.May 15, 2023.五百六十九 — numbers up to 9999
Number + Unit这个数字是五百六十九。Zhège shùzì shì wǔ bǎi liù shí jiǔ.This number is five hundred and sixty-nine.Particles
的 — close relationship possession
Pronoun + Close Person这是我妈妈。Zhè shì wǒ māma.This is my mom.呢 — “and …?” questions
Topic + 呢 (ne)?我很好。你呢？Wǒ hěn hǎo. Nǐ ne?I'm fine. And you?了 — completed action after the verb
Subj. + Verb + 了 (le) + Obj.我吃了饭。Wǒ chī le fàn.I have eaten.的 — possessive “my, your, his”
Noun 1 + 的 (de) + Noun 2这是我的书。Zhè shì wǒ de shū.This is my book.不 — not anymore
不 (bù) + Verb Phrase + 了 (le)我不去了。Wǒ bù qù le.I’m not going anymore. / I’ve changed my mind about going.了 — change of state
Change of State + 了 (le)下雨了！Xià yǔ le!It's raining now!啊 — sentence-final interjection
⋯啊 (a)你好啊！Nǐ hǎo a!Hello!吧 — suggestions with “let's”
Command + 吧 (ba)我们走吧！Wǒmen zǒu ba!Let's go!吧 — softening speech
⋯⋯吧 (ba)好吧。Hǎo ba.Okay, then.Verbs
请 — polite requests
请 (qǐng) + Verb请坐。Qǐng zuò.Please, have a seat.在 — location with “to be at”
Subj. + 在 (zài) + Place他在家。Tā zài jiā.He is at home.有 — possession
Subj. + 有 (yǒu) + Obj.我有钱。Wǒ yǒu qián.I have money.有 — existence with “there is”
Place + 有 (yǒu) + Obj.桌子上有一本书。Zhuōzi shàng yǒu yì běn shū.There is a book on the table.去 — going to a place
去 (qù) + Place我想去北京。Wǒ xiǎng qù Běijīng.I want to go to Beijing.来 vs 去 — coming and going
来 (lái) / 去 (qù) + Place请来我家。Qǐng lái wǒ jiā.Please come to my house.叫 — saying names with “to be called”
叫 (jiào) + Name我叫安娜。Wǒ jiào Ānnà.My name is Anna.Auxiliary verbs
Verb phrases
怎么 — how to questions
怎么 (zěnme) + Action?怎么写这个字？Zěnme xiě zhège zì?How do you write this character?没有 — didn't, past negation
没有 (méiyǒu) + Verb我昨天没有看电视。Wǒ zuótiān méiyǒu kàn diànshì.I didn't watch TV yesterday.在 — location before verbs
Subj. + 在 (zài) + Place + Verb我在家学习。Wǒ zài jiā xuéxí.I study at home.Basics
是 — “is” in Chinese
A + 是 (shì) + B他是老师。Tā shì lǎoshī.He is a teacher.我 — basic sentence order
Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.)我喝茶。Wǒ hē chá.I drink tea.太 — too, excessively
太 (tài) + Adj. + 了 (le)太贵了！Tài guì le!Too expensive!很 — very + adjective
Subject + 很 (hěn) + Adj.这本书很好。Zhè běn shū hěn hǎo.This book is good.Noun Phrases
Numbers and Measure Words
Question Forms
了吗 — questions with 了吗
Verb + 了 (le) + 吗 (ma)？你吃饭了吗？Nǐ chīfàn le ma?Have you eaten?什么 — question words
什么 (shénme) / 什么时候 (shénme shíhòu) / 谁 (shéi) / 哪儿 (nǎr) / 为什么 (wèishéme) / 怎么 (zěnme)你什么时候来？Nǐ shénme shíhòu lái?When will you come?吗 — yes-no questions
Statement + 吗 (ma)？你喜欢咖啡吗？Nǐ xǐhuan kāfēi ma?Do you like coffee?怎么样 — how is it?
⋯⋯怎么样 (zěnmeyàng)？你怎么样？Nǐ zěnmeyàng?How are you?