Ask what, who, where, when, why and how much: the question words every other sentence is built on.
shénme?
What?
shéi?
Who?
nǎlǐ?
Where?
shénme shíhou?
When?
wèishénme?
Why?
zěnme?
How?
duōshao?
How much/many?
nǎge?
Which one?
zhè shì shénme?
What is this?
zài nǎlǐ?
Where is it?
zěnme bàn?
What should I do?
kěyǐ ma?
Is it okay?